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🌱 Structural Organisation in Plants – NEET Notes, Examples, and Tips

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📚 Introduction

In Chapter 12: Structural Organisation in Plants, you’ll explore the anatomy of plants, focusing on the types of plant tissues and their roles in plant functions. This chapter is foundational for understanding how plants are structured to carry out key processes like photosynthesis, transport of water and nutrients, and growth.

In this blog, we’ll break down the essential concepts in plant anatomy, review NEET PYQs, and provide useful tips to help you excel in this chapter.

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🌿 Plant Tissues – Types and Functions

Plants are made up of three main types of tissues:

1. Meristematic Tissue

• Structure: Meristematic tissues are undifferentiated cells that can divide to form new cells. These cells are typically small, with a dense cytoplasm and no vacuoles.

• Types:

  • Apical meristems (found at the tips of roots and shoots for growth in length)

  • Lateral meristems (responsible for secondary growth in thickness, such as in the vascular cambium)

  • Intercalary meristems (found at internodes and help in elongation of stems and leaves)

• Function: Growth and cell division.

2. Permanent Tissue

• Once meristematic tissue cells undergo differentiation, they form permanent tissues. These are specialized for specific functions.

Types of Permanent Tissue:

1. Simple Permanent Tissue:

   • Parenchyma: Found in soft plant parts (e.g., leaves, stems). It’s involved in photosynthesis, storage, and gas exchange.

   • Collenchyma: Provides flexible support to growing parts of plants.

   • Sclerenchyma: Provides rigid support with thick walls, found in non-growing parts like stems and branches.

2. Complex Permanent Tissue:

   • Xylem: Conducts water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant. It contains tracheids, vessels, and fibers.

   • Phloem: Responsible for the transport of food (mainly sugars) from leaves to other parts of the plant. It contains sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma.

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🌳 Plant Organs – Structure and Function

The plant body is divided into three major organ systems:

1. Root System

• Structure: Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals. The main root grows from the radicle, and lateral roots emerge from it.

• Types:

  • Tap root system (e.g., dicots like mustard)

  • Fibrous root system (e.g., monocots like wheat)

• Function: Absorption of water, minerals, and nutrients from the soil, and anchoring the plant to the ground.

2. Shoot System

• Structure: The shoot system includes the stem, branches, and leaves. It supports the plant and performs functions like photosynthesis.

• Parts of the Shoot System:

  • Stem: Supports the plant, transports water and nutrients.

  • Leaves: Main site for photosynthesis.

  • Flowers: Reproductive organs.

• Function: Photosynthesis, reproduction, and transport of water and nutrients.

3. Leaf Structure

• Structure: A leaf consists of the petiole, lamina (leaf blade), and veins (vascular bundles of xylem and phloem).

• Function: The leaf is the primary site for photosynthesis due to the presence of chlorophyll in the mesophyll cells.

  • Epidermis: Forms the outer layer for protection.

  • Stomata: Small pores for gas exchange.

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⚡ NEET PYQ Alerts – Structural Organisation in Plants

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of sclerenchyma?

   • A) Living cells

   • B) Thin walls

   • C) Provide support

   • D) Found in growing regions of plants

   • Answer: C) Provide support

2. The xylem tissue does NOT contain:

   • A) Tracheids

   • B) Vessels

   • C) Companion cells

   • D) Xylem fibers

   • Answer: C) Companion cells

3. Which type of root system is found in monocots?

   • A) Tap root system

   • B) Fibrous root system

   • C) Both A and B

   • D) None of the above

   • Answer: B) Fibrous root system

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🧠 NEET Preparation Tips for Structural Organisation in Plants

1. Know the Tissues: Understanding the structure and function of meristematic and permanent tissues is crucial. Focus on the differences between the simple and complex tissues.

2. Visualize Diagrams: Diagrams like the cross-section of a stem, leaf structure, and vascular bundles are commonly asked in NEET. Be sure to practice drawing and labeling them.

3. Link Structure with Function: Understand how the structure of plant tissues relates to their functions. For example, xylem vessels are wide and hollow to allow easy water conduction, while phloem sieve tubes are specialized for food transport.

4. Know the Plant Organs: Be prepared to explain the structure and function of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Focus on their respective roles in growth, reproduction, and photosynthesis.

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🔗 Stay Connected with Our NEET Bio Blogs:

• 📘 biologyatease1.blogspot.com – NEET Notes & Diagrams

• 🎯 neetpyqall.blogspot.com – NEET PYQs Solved Smartly

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📝 Conclusion

Chapter 12: Structural Organisation in Plants covers the plant body’s tissue structure, how tissues are organized into organs, and the overall function of each. Understanding the anatomy of plants is essential for answering questions about plant growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient transport in NEET.

👉 Up next: Chapter 13 – Plant Physiology – Explore the wonders of water movement, nutrient transport, and photosynthesis!

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