Chapter 16: Excretory Products and Their Elimination – Part 1
🚽 Chapter 16: Excretory Products and Their Elimination – Part 1 💧 Waste Management in Living Organisms 🧬 Why Excretion? Metabolic reactions produce nitrogenous wastes , mainly from the breakdown of amino acids and nucleic acids. These wastes are toxic and must be removed to maintain homeostasis . 🧪 Types of Nitrogenous Wastes Waste Product Description Examples Ammonia (NH₃) Highly toxic, requires lots of water Fish, amphibians Urea Less toxic, moderate water required Mammals, amphibians Uric Acid Least toxic, excreted as paste/crystals Birds, reptiles, insects 🧠 This gives rise to: Ammonotelic organisms – e.g., Bony fishes Ureotelic organisms – e.g., Humans Uricotelic organisms – e.g., Birds 🧍 Human Excretory System The human excretory system primarily removes urea and involves: ✅ Main Excretory Organs: Organ Function Kidneys Filter blood, form urine Ureters Transport urine to bladder Urinary Bladder Stor...